José A.
Borrero M.

I study how sensory systems are shaped by species' environments, leading to the incredible behavioural diversity we observe.

PhD candidate
Division of Evolutionary Biology
LMU Munich
Advisor: Prof. Dr. Richard Merrill
José A. Borrero M. holding Heliconius butterflies in the field

My work asks how ecological divergence leads to adaptation in the sensory systems between closely related species, and how this translates into behavioural diversity.

Working primarily with Heliconius butterflies — a model system for mimicry, speciation, and neuroethology — I combine behavioural experiments, neuroanatomy, and field ecology across Colombia and Ecuador. My PhD thesis investigates sensory system adaptations during species divergence in Heliconius butterflies.

01

Sensory ecology & UV perception

How is sexually dimorphic UV-opsin expression associated with female-specific behaviours such as oviposition?

02

Sensory weighting & neural investment

How do shifts in relative neural investment in visual brain regions translate into functional differences in sensory performance?

03

Sensory system adaptation and development

How do divergent environments drive co-evolution of sensory systems? How is this mediated by development? How does this contribute to reproductive isolation?

04

Pollen foraging & sexual dimorphism

Exploring sex-specific foraging ecology and sexually dimorphic sensory traits.

In review

Ecological divergence and post-eclosion brain development shape visual performance during Heliconius speciation Preprint

Borrero, J., Alcalde-Anton, A., Laborieux, L., Wright, D.S., Lozano-Urrego, D., Rueda-Muñoz, G., Pardo-Diaz, C., Salazar, C., Montgomery, S.H., and Merrill, R.M.

bioRxiv

doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.14.718491

2026

Sexual dimorphism in pollen foraging and sensory traits in Heliconius butterflies

Borrero, J., Rivas-Sánchez, D.F., Wright, D.S., Bacquet, C.N., Montgomery, S.H., Keller, A., and Merrill, R.M.

Behavioral Ecology, 37(3), arag014

doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arag014

2024

Weighting of sensory cues reflect changing patterns of visual investment during ecological divergence in Heliconius butterflies ECR Prize

Borrero, J., Mogollon Perez, E., Wright, D.S., Lozano-Urrego, D., Rueda-Muñoz, G., Pardo-Diaz, C., Salazar, C., Montgomery, S.H., and Merrill, R.M.

Biology Letters, 20(10), 20240377

doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0377

2023

Research in the
Neotropics

My fieldwork has taken me to the diverse landscapes of Colombia and Ecuador, where I study the behaviour of Heliconius butterflies.

Work in the field involves mark-recapture surveys, behavioural observations, pollen metabarcoding, and maintaining living butterfly stocks at local research stations.

  • Ecuador Vilcabamba, Loja Province — pollen foraging surveys, marking & recapture, metabarcoding
  • Colombia Experimental Station José Celestino Mutis, Cundinamarca; Valle del Cauca — behavioural experiments; field collection
  • Ecuador Tena, Napo Province — oviposition behaviour, field collections
Andean valley landscape near Vilcabamba, Ecuador Heliconius butterflies on a branch Conducting butterfly field surveys with a net

Education

2022–present

PhD candidate — LMU Munich

Sensory and behavioural divergence during ecological speciation in Heliconius. Advisor: Prof. Dr. Richard Merrill

2019–2022

M.Sc. Evolution, Ecology & Systematics — LMU Munich

Thesis: UV discrimination and visual adaptation in Heliconius

2015–2018

B.Sc. Biology — University of Bayreuth

Thesis: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of zebrafish pitx1

Awards

2024

Biology Letters ECR Competition Winner

£1,000 prize for best paper by an early-career researcher

2025

LSM Travel Fund — ESEB 2025 Barcelona

Life Science Munich Graduate School (€250)

2024

LSM Travel Fund — Joint Congress Evolutionary Biology

Life Science Munich Graduate School (€400), Montreal

Full CV available on request, or view it on Google Drive

View full CV →

Get in touch

Whether you're interested in collaboration, have questions about my work, or are curious about Heliconius — I'm happy to hear from you.

Or email directly: jose.borrero@lmu.de
Thank you — I'll be in touch soon.